Identification poster for Red River
IMDb identification poster · for film identification only

Howard Hawks / 霍华德·霍克斯 · 1948

Red River

Red River

Deleuze names Red River in Cinema 1, chapter 10, p. 165, within Hawks and the small form rather than directly presenting it as a model of the large form. Open landscape and collective task can still pose an S–A–S′ hypothesis. The atlas then countertests it through the claim passage at 00:15:38, stampede at 00:51:20, and transfer of command at 01:21:08: does an encompassing situation genuinely precede action, or is it progressively disclosed and reorganized by local acts, differences of speed, and relayed functions? The relation among these three shots is the atlas's responsibility, not a shot-by-shot gloss of p. 165.

Film details

Original title
Red River
Director
Howard Hawks / 霍华德·霍克斯
Year
1948
Region
United States

Film analysis: how shots organize concepts

THREE SCENES, ONE CONCEPTUAL ENTRY

Why can Red River pose the large form S–A–S′ while still requiring a countertest through the small form A–S–A′?

Open landscape, herd, and collective task first make situation appear to encompass the figures, allowing an S–A–S′ hypothesis. Yet Deleuze names the film in Cinema 1, chapter 10, p. 165, within Hawks and the small form. Claiming, stampede, and transfer are not three ready-made slots in a formula but three tests of whether situation precedes action or is progressively disclosed and reorganized through local acts, differences of speed, and relayed functions.

Checked land-claim and branding frame from Red River
01The brand turns open landscape into property00:15:38
NOTICE FIRST

Dunson uses gun, grave, brand, and naming to write a ranch origin onto the riverbank, covering prior relations to the land with his future plan.

THE CHANGE HAPPENS HERE

The passage poses only the S hypothesis of the large form: sign, violence, and labour produce landscape as a commandable whole. If later action is not sufficiently determined by that whole, the S–A–S′ judgement must be narrowed or withdrawn.

Checked night stampede frame from Red River
02One disturbance is amplified through the herd00:51:20
NOTICE FIRST

Night erases individual riders within the whole as disturbance propagates through the herd. Human cries, horses, and dense cattle movement amplify one another faster than command can follow.

THE CHANGE HAPPENS HERE

The passage countertests heroic command over the whole: response continues but is distributed across humans, horses, cattle, and night milieu. It weakens the central-command reading, yet stampede alone proves neither a crisis of action nor the small form.

Checked Matthew-takes-command frame from Red River
03The route continues under a new centre of command01:21:08
NOTICE FIRST

Matthew does not dissolve the drive. He redistributes direction, punishment, and trust away from Dunson while the same people and cattle continue moving.

THE CHANGE HAPPENS HERE

Two formulas must be tested here. If the transfer completes the transformation of a prior whole, it can constitute S′; if the local act first discloses obedience, destination, and functional relations within the outfit, it approaches A–S–A′.

EDITION NOTE The three stills and jumps use the user-supplied complete 02:13:26 single-part Bilibili edition; studio marks are part of the edition's beginning.

Reading attribution: Atlas editorial synthesis · Sources and locators

Close-reading questions

  1. 01
    Does the opening scale between silhouettes, vast sky, and land genuinely establish a whole prior to action, or do claiming, naming, and branding produce that Encompasser in reverse?
  2. 02
    During the river crossing, how do current, shouts, dust, riders, and cattle column change milieu from background into a functional line that must be relayed step by step?
  3. 03
    After Matthew takes over and Dunson pursues his own outfit, does that local act complete the S′ of the large form or disclose the functional relations of A–S–A′ from within? Which surrounding shots are needed to decide?

Scene–concept relations

  1. 01
    Beside the grave, land begins to be written as property

    Atlas candidate reading:Action-image: large form

    Criterion for holding or withdrawal: This shot poses only the S hypothesis of the large form. S–A–S′ holds only if subsequent action emerges from this encompassing situation and transforms it into S′; expansive scenery alone proves nothing.

  2. 02
    The herd amplifies one disturbance into an event beyond command

    Atlas candidate reading:Sensory-motor schema · Countertest:Action-image: large form

    Criterion for holding or withdrawal: If shot-level review shows local acts progressively disclosing and reorganizing the situation, the passage approaches Hawksian functional relations. If an encompassing situation still stably generates and reabsorbs action, it supports the pure large form more strongly. Stampede alone does not prove a crisis of the action-image.

  3. 03
    The route continues while the position of command changes hands

    Countertest:Action-image: large form · Atlas candidate reading:Action-image: small form

    Criterion for holding or withdrawal: If the act of taking command progressively discloses and alters a situation not fully given in advance, it supports an A–S–A′ candidate. If it merely emerges from a fully presented global conflict and completes S′, the large-form reading remains viable.

About scene-relation labels

Support requires one scene's audiovisual facts and textual relation to be checked, with a named source and locator. Candidate readings, adjacent concepts, and countertests carry separate labels.

Shots and scenes

Three men gather around a calf in open country; one kneels, two stand, and the distant horizon crosses the frame.
00:15:38Beside the grave, land begins to be written as property

This shot poses only the S hypothesis of the large form. S–A–S′ holds only if subsequent action emerges from this encompassing situation and transforms it into S′; expansive scenery alone proves nothing.

Open viewing position ↗
Cattle run laterally at night, their bodies forming a dark band of movement while a rider rises above the herd at right.
00:51:20The herd amplifies one disturbance into an event beyond command

If shot-level review shows local acts progressively disclosing and reorganizing the situation, the passage approaches Hawksian functional relations. If an encompassing situation still stably generates and reabsorbs action, it supports the pure large form more strongly. Stampede alone does not prove a crisis of the action-image.

Open viewing position ↗
Matthew stands at centre, gesturing with both hands near his waist, with two cowboys at either side and a covered wagon behind.
01:21:08The route continues while the position of command changes hands

If the act of taking command progressively discloses and alters a situation not fully given in advance, it supports an A–S–A′ candidate. If it merely emerges from a fully presented global conflict and completes S′, the large-form reading remains viable.

Open viewing position ↗

Primary texts, scholarship, and locators

Theory coordinate: Cinema 1, Minnesota 1986, ch. 10, p. 165

  1. 01
    Cinema 1: The Movement-Image

    Standard Minnesota English translation and a principal citation edition in Anglophone scholarship.

    Open the atlas source record →
Consult the primary-text locator above.

Viewing gateways and editions

  1. Verified complete Bilibili carrier: 红河 (1948)bilibili.comOpen film page ↗
    Page access
    Accessible when checked
    Version extent
    Recorded as a complete version
    Source type
    User-uploaded page

    Edition note: Complete single-part 133-minute edition · 2:13:26. Initial black leads to the studio marks and title; THE END / A MONTEREY PRODUCTION closes the film, followed by a few seconds of black. Timecodes begin at video zero and include the studio marks.

    Link checked: 2026-08-25

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